BUILDING CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS : Stone Part-A

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS  : Stone  Part-A

 STONES

Introduction:

    All the structures are made out of various kinds of materials. These materials are either called assembling materials or materials of development. It is exceptionally fundamental for a Builder, or a designer, or an architect or engineer or contractor, to become familiar completely with these structure materials. 

The information on various sorts of material, their properties, and utilization for various purposes provides and significant device in the possession of the manufacturers in ain achieving economy in material cost. 

The material expense in a structure ranges from ranges 30 to 50 percent of the cost of total cost construction. In addition to the material economy, the right utilization of material outcomes in better underlying strength, user productivity, and tasteful appearance.  

Rocks Classification:

Rocks occur in nature and are classified in three ways for Building stones

a). Geological classification

b). Physical classification

  c). Chemical classification 

a) Geological classification 

The rocks are of the following types, according to this classification

1. Igneous rocks:

Rocks that are framed by the cooling of Magana (molten or pasty rocky material) are known as igneous rocks. Eg: Granite, Basalt and Dolerite etc. 

Basalt

Granite

2. Sedimentary rocks:

Sedimentary rocks

these rocks are framed by the deposition of the production of weathering on the pre-existing rocks. Examples: gravel, sandstone, limestone, gypsum, lignite, etc.

lignite

gypsum

3. Metamorphic rocks.

These rocks are framed by the change in the character of the pre-existing rocks. Igneous as well as sedimentary rocks are changed in character when they are subject to great heat and pressure. Known as metamorphism. Examples: Quartzite, Schist, Slate, Marble, and Gneisses

Quartzite

Gneisses

B. Physical Classification:

This classification is based on the general structure of rocks.

The rocks are classified into three types, according to this classification

1. Stratified Rocks: These rocks possess planes of stratification or cleavage and such rocks can be easily split along these planes

Ex: sedimentary rocks

2. Un-Stratified rocks: The structure may be crystalline granular or compact granular. Examples: Igneous rocks and

Sedimentary rocks are affected by the movements of the earth.

3. Foliated Rocks: These rocks have a tendency to split up in a definite direction only. Ex: Metamorphic rocks.

III. Chemical Classification:

Rocks are classified into three types, according to this classification

a. Siliceous rocks:

Siliceous rocks

Here, Silica is predominated. The rocks are hard; durable and not easily affected by weathering agencies. Ex: Granite, Quartzite, etc.

b. Argillaceous Rocks:

Argillaceous Rocks

Here clay predominates. The rocks may be dense and compact or maybe soft.

Ex: slates, Laterites etc.

c. Calcareous rocks: 

Calcareous rocks

Here calcium carbonate predominates. The durability of these rocks will depend upon the constituents present in the surrounding atmosphere. Ex: Lime Stone, marble, etc.

REFERENCE BOOKS:-  

1. BUILDING MATERIAL   - RANGAWALA

2. BUILDING MATERIAL    - SUSHIL KUMAR

3. BUILDING MATERIALS & CONSTRUCTION  - B.P.BINDRA

4. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION   - B.C.RANGAWALA

5. BUILDING MATERIALS - A.KAMALA

6. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS -MR. SHRIKANT D. BOBADE